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• Podcast based on: Hara T, Meng S, Arao Y, Saito Y, Inoue K, Alshammari AH, Hatakeyama H, di Luccio E, Vecchione A, Hirotsu T, et al. Non-Invasive Detection of Tumors by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(1):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010109 Type: Review | Publication date: Jan 6, 2025
• Summary: This review article examines the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. It explores several detection methods, including mass spectrometry analysis of VOC profiles in various cancers, the use of trained organisms (dogs and nematodes) to detect cancer-specific odours, and the development of artificial sensors for VOC detection. The article highlights the advantages and limitations of each approach, focusing on improving diagnostic accuracy and identifying specific VOCs linked to different cancers for earlier diagnosis. Future research directions involve refining diagnostic models, understanding the mechanisms of odour detection in organisms, and enhancing the capabilities of artificial sensors.
• Keywords: cancer; biomarkers; diagnostics; volatile organic compounds; olfactory receptors

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