On this day in 2001, Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the iPod, a portable music player that promised to "put 1,000 songs in your pocket."

• A Humble Beginning: The iPod's launch was a relatively low-key affair, held not at a grand tech conference but in a small auditorium at Apple's Cupertino headquarters. Jobs, in his signature black turtleneck, demonstrated the device's simple interface and impressive storage capacity.
• Revolutionizing Music Consumption: The iPod, with its sleek design and user-friendly click wheel, quickly captured the public imagination. It transformed how people listened to music, ushering in the era of digital downloads and personalized playlists.
• iTunes: The Perfect Partner: The iPod's success was intrinsically linked to iTunes, Apple's digital music store. Launched earlier that year, iTunes provided a legal and convenient way to purchase and manage digital music.
• Cultural Impact: The iPod became a cultural icon, synonymous with the digital music revolution. Its distinctive white earbuds were ubiquitous, a symbol of personal style and musical taste.
• A Legacy of Innovation: The iPod paved the way for Apple's subsequent successes, including the iPhone and iPad. Its impact on the music industry and consumer technology remains profound.

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On this day in 1884, the world agreed on a single Prime Meridian. But getting there wasn't easy!

A Time for Unity

Before 1884, chaos reigned! Every country used its own "prime meridian," making international timekeeping and navigation a nightmare. Imagine trying to schedule a train journey across borders with dozens of different local times! Something had to be done.

The Meridian Conference Convenes

In October 1884, delegates from 25 nations gathered in Washington D.C. for the International Meridian Conference. Their mission: to establish a single Prime Meridian for the entire globe. Could they reach an agreement?

Greenwich Takes the Lead

After weeks of heated debate, the Greenwich Meridian, passing through the Royal Observatory in London, emerged as the front-runner. It already had widespread use in navigation and enjoyed the backing of powerful nations like the United States and Great Britain.

France Holds Out

Not everyone was on board. France, with its own Paris Meridian, fiercely resisted the change. Despite their protests, the Greenwich Meridian was officially adopted on 22 October 1884. The French argued for a neutral line, mentioning the Azores and the Bering Strait, but eventually abstained and continued to use the Paris meridian until 1911. Even then, they referred to GMT as 'Paris mean time, retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds'. Only in 1978 did they replace this phrase with Coordinated Universal Time (temps universel coordonné).

A New Era of Global Time

The decision brought order to global timekeeping, simplifying navigation and trade. Though France continued to use the Paris Meridian for several decades, eventually, the world synchronized under Greenwich Mean Time.

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On this day in 1793, Marie Antoinette was executed in Paris.

The once-opulent Queen of France, Marie Antoinette, met a grim end on October 16, 1793. Stripped of her title and imprisoned, she was accused of treason and conspiracy against the Republic. Her trial, a spectacle of revolutionary justice, was swift and damning.

Condemned

Found guilty, Marie Antoinette was sentenced to death by guillotine. Her final hours were spent in a stark cell, the shadow of the blade looming. On the morning of her execution, she was transported through the jeering crowds to the Place de la Révolution.

A Queen's Demise

At noon, Marie Antoinette ascended the scaffold. Her composure, despite the harrowing circumstances, was remarkable. With a single, swift drop of the blade, the reign of terror claimed another victim. The crowd erupted, their cries a mix of vengeance and bloodlust.

The Aftermath

Marie Antoinette's execution sent shockwaves across Europe. Monarchs trembled, fearing the spread of revolutionary fervor. In France, it marked a turning point, intensifying the Reign of Terror and solidifying the Republic's grip on power. The Queen's death became a symbol of the revolution's uncompromising nature.

Legacy of a Queen

Despite her tragic end, Marie Antoinette's story continues to fascinate. Was she a victim of circumstance or an accomplice to the monarchy's downfall? History offers no easy answers. Her execution remains a stark reminder of the French Revolution's tumultuous power and the fragility of royal power.

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