Prince Aeneas of Troy has a bit of an unusual parentage- he's the son of minor prince Anchises by Human Woman. Who is definitely human. And not Aphrodite.

Sources for this episode:

• Evelyn-White, H. G. (1943), Hesiod: The Homeric Hymns and Homerica. London: William Heinemann Ltd.
• Frazer, J. G. (1921), Apollodorus: The Library (Volume II). London: William Heinemann.
• Graves, R. (1981), Greek Myths: Illustrated Edition. London: Cassell Ltd.
• Guerber, H. A. (1929), The Myths of Greece & Rome: Their Stories Signification and Origin. London: George G. Harrap & Company Ltd.
• Ovid (1955), Metamorphoses. Translated by M. M. Innes. London: Penguin Books.
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Tithonus (online) (Accessed 16/11/2024).

The secondborn son of Priam and Hecabe was already making a big splash before he was born- and well before he swooped on a woman called Helen. There's not many of us who get a prophecy about our destructive legacy- or who get confused with a major European city...

Sources for this episode:

• Frazer, J. G. (1921), Apollodorus: The Library (Volume II). London: William Heinemann.
• Graves, R. (1981), Greek Myths: Illustrated Edition. London: Cassell Ltd.
• Ovid (1914), Heroides and Amores. Translated by G. Showerman. London and New York: William Heinemann and The Macmillan Co.
• Smith; W. (ed.) (1867), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. In Three Volumes (Vol. 1-3.). Boston: Little, Brown, And Company.
• Wilkinson, P., Carroll, G., Faulkner, M., Field, J. F., Haywood, J., Kerrigan, M., Philip, N., Pumphrey, N. and Tocino-Smith, J. (2018), The Mythology Book. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.
• Author unknown, Merriam Webster (date unknown), What is a 'Firebrand?' (online) (Accessed 10/11/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Heroides (online) (Accessed 10/11/2024).

It's the start of Chapter II, so we're off to the Trojan War! Except... Not just yet. We need some background first. You might have heard of our subject today- she shares a name with one of the co-hosts...

Sources for this episode:

• Euripides (1981), Medea and Other Plays. Translated by P. Vellacott. London: The Penguin Classics.
• Frazer, J. G. (1921), Apollodorus: The Library (Volume II). London: William Heinemann.
• Graves, R. (1981), Greek Myths: Illustrated Edition. London: Cassell Ltd.
• Callimachus and Lycophron (1961). Translated by A. W. Meir. London and New York: William Heinemann and G. P. Putnam's Sons.
• Ovid (1955), Metamorphoses. Translated by M. M. Innes. London: Penguin Books.
• Norwich, J. J. (2003), Byzantium: The Decline and Fall. London: The Folio Society.

Any sources and future debate about Aesacus to be put here.

All Hallows' Eve is upon us... and that means spooky stories! Join us for two longer-form Greco-Roman stories and four tales from around the world. Plus, the Autocrat palace may or may not be haunted. So there's that.

Sources for this episode (to be updated tomorrow):

• Marks, A. and Tingay, G. (date unknown), Romans. London: Usborne Publishing.
• Pliny (1969), The Letters of the Younger Pliny. Translated by B. Radice. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.
• Steel, R. W. , Gardiner, R. K. A. , McMaster, D. N. , Dickson, K. B. , Nicol, D. S. H. W. , Clarke, J. I. , Kröner, A. , Middleton, J. F. M. , Mabogunje, A. L. and Smedley, A., Encyclopedia Britannica (2024), Africa (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Tacitus (1983), The Annals of Imperial Rome. Translated by M. Grant. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Africa (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Claudius (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Curtius Rufus (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Hadrumetum (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) List of consuls (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Lucius Vitellius (consul 34) (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown) Quintus Curtius Rufus (online) (Accessed 28/10/2024).

Back in episode 15, we discussed the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha in their experience of the great flood sent by Zeus to destroy humanity. However, there are other flood myths we didn't get to cover because of our focus. So, we welcomed Chris Stewart from the History of China to go through Chinese creation stories, flood myths, scientific controversy, and more!

Sources for this episode:

• Allan, S. (2017), The Jishi outburst flood of 1920 BCE and the great flood legend in ancient China: preliminary reflections. Journal of Chinese humanities 3.1: 23-34.
• Bergman, J. (2003), Do Creation and Flood Myths Found World Wide Have a Common Origin? The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism 5: 517-528.
• Wilkinson, P., Carroll, G., Faulkner, M., Field, J. F., Haywood, J., Kerrigan, M., Philip, N., Pumphrey, N. and Tocino-Smith, J. (2018), The Mythology Book. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.
• Wu, Q., Zhao, Z., Liu, L., Granger, D. E., Wang, H., Cohen, D. J., Wu, X., Ye, M., Bar-Josef, O., Lu, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Yuan, D., Qi, W., Cai, L. and Bai, S. (2016), Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty. Science 353(6299), 579-582.
• Author unknown (2010), Holy Bible: International Children's Bible (New Century Version). Milton Keynes: Authentic Media Limited.

After 48 episodes, it's time to move on to the Trojan War. Before we do, let's look back at everything we've covered, watch the co-hosts quiz each other and answer your questions and comments! All while we struggle to pronounce words and feel pain over the fall of Constantinople. Plus, a voice from somewhere beyond the microphone...

Some sources for this episode:

• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), History of Portugal (online) (Accessed 17/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Siege of Perinthus (online) (Accessed 17/10/2024).

It is time to say an emotional goodbye to Heracles- but not before he sacks Troy before it becomes cool, does some light target practice on a centaur and builds himself a funeral pyre.

Sources for this episode:

• Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2007), Biochemistry (6th edition). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
• Homer (2021), The Iliad & The Odyssey. Translated by S. Butler. Ovieda, Spain: King Solomon.
• Frazer, J. G. (1921), Apollodorus: The Library (Volume I). London: William Heinemann.
• Plutarch (1973), The Age of Alexander. Translated by I. Scott-Kilvert. Harmonsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.
• Robertson, J. (1788), The Parian Chronicle, or the Chronicle of the Arundelian Marbles; with a Dissertation Concerning its Authenticity. London: J. Walter, Charing Cross.
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Agesilaus II (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Argead dynasty (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Aristomachus (mythology) (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Caranus of Macedon (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Cleodaeus (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Coenus of Macedon (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Eurysthenes (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Heracleidae (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Iole (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Leonidas I (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Neoptolemus (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Temenus (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Tyrimmas of Macedon (online) (Accessed 06/10/2024).

Sources for drawing research:

• Afidah, A., Agustina, M. F. and Trisnawati, R. K. (2022), Colorful God and Goddess as the representation of modern Greek mythology in Lore Olympus. DIKSI 30(2): 160-169.
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Apollo (online) (Accessed 14/10/2024).

Just to let you know that there won't be a new episode this week due to one of the co-hosts not feeling great. However, stick with us! In this filler episode, we discuss the direction the podcast is going to take over the next few weeks and go through a bit of housekeeping. Not only that, but if you are lacking your history podcasting fix this week, there's an exclusive clip of episode 69 of After Alexander- before it's even out on that podcast's feed...