Hey guys, it's attorney Anthony Bandiero. Here, bring you another roadside chat. And this question comes from an officer in Nevada, and actually, he's a corrections officer in prison. And he brought a great a great scenario. Do prisoners have a reasonable expectation of privacy in cell phones? Right? So the scenario is an officer, you know, in prison, found a cell phone, searched it without a warrant, and, you know, saw some information that helped prove that the prisoner knew, you know, that he had it, you know, I guess he's trying to say, Oh, I have nothing to do with that cell phone. But, you know, the evidence inside the phone shows that he made calls to people associated with him and so forth. Alright. So normally, the prison would get a search warrant. But the question for us today is, do you need one? And the answer is no. Right? The answer is no. And the reason why is because the prisoner knows or should know that they cannot have that cell phone. Clearly, it's contraband, right. All the rules, say it no cell phones, they know or should know that that phone is absolutely prohibited in that facility. So, therefore, when they brought it in somehow or obtained it, they're possessing contraband. And generally speaking, a person does not have any reasonable expectation of privacy in contraband. A good example of that is a Supreme Court case called Illinois versus Kabbalists, where the Supreme Court said that a dog sniff in and of itself is not a Fourth Amendment search if it is trained to detect contraband, right. So in that case, the canine was run around a vehicle during a traffic stop, it alerted to the presence of contraband, and a search ensued on the probable cause. And Kabbalists lost that case because again, the dog is not searching under the Fourth Amendment. Well, it's the same concept applies here. When officers in the prison facility search contraband, it's not a search because it doesn't implicate the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. This is not even a search, right? Because it doesn't implicate it's not a protected item. Let me just give you an example from a case called United States versus bash. I have the Westlaw citation. It's 2021, w l 3207252. So again, 2000, what are 2021 WL that sounds for Westlaw, three to 07252. It's out of the Eastern Eastern District of California, it was decided actually very recently, July 29, 2029. So here's a case where corrections officers search a cell phone in a cell in a cell and the bash the prisoner is trying to complain about this search and saying that you guys needed a search warrant. And here's what the court said about that. It said. Moreover, it is well settled that prisoners have no reasonable expectation of privacy in the belongings they keep with them. The Fourth Amendment, prescription against unreasonable searches and searches does not apply within the confines of the prison cell. California prisoners are prohibited from possessing a cell phone. And thus, defendant bashe cannot claim to have had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the contents of the contraband cell phone, which he possessed and violation of the law. Well, I don't have the Nevada law in front of me, but I'm sure that either by regulation or directly by law, the prisoners in Nevada cannot have a cell phone that would be considered contraband. Again, the law can basically tell the Department of Corrections for you to decide what's contraband, what's not. And the DLC would then lay out that cell phones are included, you know, also found another very persuasive case. This case is called we bring it up here. It's called United States versus huart and it's huart as H.U.A.R.T let me just kind of explain what's going on here. So the citation by the way, is 735. F 3d 972. A case out of the Seventh Circuit decided in 2013 against you at unit United States versus Huart 735 f 3d 972.