In today's episode, I am talking about the participation of Black people in unions. I dive into the importance of the CIO (Congressional Industrial Organizations) into being the first interracial union. CIO's efforts also branched into the policies developed into the civil rights episode. For the pop culture section, I talk about the lack of unions in the music industry. Due to the segregation by race and genre by the American Federation of Musicians, this has led to musicians and artists having little to know power over their profits and artistic output.

References:

Judt, D. (2022). The Tragic Pragmatism of the Wagner Act. American Journal of Legal History. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/njac019

Herrick, E. M. (1946). The National Labor Relations Act. Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271624624800113

Zeitlin, M., & Weyher, L. F. (2001). “Black and White, Unite and Fight”: Interracial Working‐Class Solidarity and Racial Employment Equality1. American Journal of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1086/324682

Mason, L. R. (1945). The CIO and the Negro in the South. Journal of Negro Education. https://doi.org/10.2307/2966026

Forbath, W. E. (2000). Civil Rights and Economic Citizenship: Notes on the Past and Future of the Civil Rights and Labor Movements. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law.

Anderson, B. E. (1975). Full Employment and Economic Equality. Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627541800113

Lichtenstein, A. (2002). The CIO in Black and White. Radical History Review. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2002-83-203

Fones-Wolf, E. (1996). Labor and Social Welfare: The CIO’s Community Services Program, 1941-1956. Social Service Review. https://doi.org/10.1086/604217

Whann, H. D. (2020). Roosevelt, Randolph, and Dubinsky: Minorities & American Labor in the Twentieth Century.

Goldfield, M. (1993). Race and the CIO: The Possibilities for Racial Egalitarianism During the 1930s and 1940s. International Labor and Working-Class History. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547900012187

Schmitt, J., & Zipperer, B. (2007). The Decline in African-American Representation in Unions and Manufacturing, 1979-2006. CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs.

Cook, A., & Glass, C. (2013). Glass Cliffs and Organizational Saviors: Barriers to Minority Leadership in Work Organizations? Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1525/SP.2013.60.2.168

Lazonick, W., Moss, P., & Weitz, J. (2020). How the Disappearance of Unionized Jobs Obliterated an Emergent Black Middle Class. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.36687/INETWP125

Miller, L. E. (2024a). The Origins of the American Federation of Musicians and Its Place in the History of Organized Labor. https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045561.003.0002

Peterson, M. (2013). Sound Work: Music as Labor and the 1940s Recording Bans of the American Federation of Musicians. Anthropological Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1353/ANQ.2013.0040

Pippen, J. (2015). Tell Tchaikovsky the News: Rock “n” Roll, the Labor Question, and the Musicians’ Union, 1942–1968 by Michael James Roberts (review). Notes. https://doi.org/10.1353/NOT.2015.0152

Weissman, D. (2019). The Viability of the American Federation of Musicians in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.25101/19.17

Frey, B. S. (2019). The Artists’ Labour Market. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15748-7_4

Shane, R. (2013). Resurgence or Deterioration? The State of Cultural Unions in the 21st Century. Journal of Arts Management Law and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2013.817364

In today's episode, I will be going over dating within the Black Elite from the Gilded Age to our current dating problems. I am going to detail how our dating problems are connected to class. Class isn't a guarantee a healthy romantic partnership. In the pop culture segment, I am going to detail Sabrina Carpeter's dating drama and the connections to parasocial relationships.

References

Racial and ethnic socialization from early childhood through adolescence. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00061-3

Byrd, C. M., & Hope, E. C. (2020). Black Students’ Perceptions of School Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices in a Predominantly Black School: Journal of Adolescent Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558419897386

Chrisman, R. (2005). Black Studies, the Talented Tenth, and the Organic Intellectual. Black Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1080/00064246.2005.11413306

James, J. (1996). Transcending the Talented Tenth: Black Leaders and American Intellectuals.

Knudsen, D. D. (1968). Socialization to Elitism: A Study of Debutantes*. Sociological Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1533-8525.1968.TB01122.X

Jackson, P. B., Kleiner, S., Geist, C., & Cebulko, K. (2011). Conventions of Courtship: Gender and Race Differences in the Significance of Dating Rituals. Journal of Family Issues. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10395113

Jester, J. K., & Brooks, J. E. (2023). Gendered Racial Socialization and Interracial Dating Attitudes Among Black Women. Journal of Black Sexuality and Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1353/bsr.2023.0009

Chrisman, R. (2005). Black Studies, the Talented Tenth, and the Organic Intellectual. Black Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1080/00064246.2005.11413306

Woolner, C. (2023). The Famous Lady Lovers. https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469675480.001.0001

p2uekzc535, p2uekzc535. (2022). African American Gay Men. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-9608217

Napier, A. J. (2015). Narratives of thriving : Black lesbian and queer women negotiating racism, sexism, and heterosexism.

For this episode, I go through the pros and cons of affirmative action with HBCUs. I also talked with Dr. Eddie Cole about his book "The Campus Color Line: College Presidents and the Struggle for Black Freedom". In the interview, we discuss the hardships of Black presidents during the civil rights movement. (Keep in mind that this interview was recorded in June 2022). I follow this interview up with potential solutions to the rollbacks to DEI in corporate and educational spaces.

The Campus Color Line: College Presidents and the Struggle for Black Freedom by Dr. Eddie Cole (Link: https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691206745/the-campus-color-line?srsltid=AfmBOoot5i6GwrxHHfaLDlp34PISR3zpF5U7A15utV_x0G336rNYWvVH)

Resources:

Bills in NC:

Reduce Early Voting Period for Primaries (Link: https://ncleg.gov/Sessions/2025/Bills/House/PDF/H411v1.pdf)

House Bill 127 (Link: https://www.carolinajournal.com/nc-house-bill-to-ban-dei-agenda-in-state-and-local-government/ )

Articles on AI and Data Centers:

1. Georgia Senate committee passes bill to protect residents from data center costs (Link: https://thecurrentga.org/2025/02/25/georgia-senate-committee-passes-bill-to-protect-residents-from-data-center-costs/)

2. Coal-fired power plant, now retired, to become massive gas-powered campus for AI, data centers (Link: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/04/02/technology-ai-natural-gas-electricity-pennsylvania/66c1b050-0fd0-11f0-b319-ba9d1af23a2f_story.html)

3. As internet data centers multiply, efforts to control them are growing(Link: https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/04/30/data-centers-regulations-northern-virginia-georgia-arizona/)

Georgia OB/GYN

1. Georgia’s Six-Week Abortion Ban Risks Worsening the State’s OB/GYN Shortage, According to Senate Testimony (Link: https://www.ossoff.senate.gov/press-releases/watch-georgias-six-week-abortion-ban-risks-worsening-the-states-ob-gyn-shortage-according-to-senate-testimony/)

2. More than 40% of Georgia’s counties are maternity care deserts (Link: https://www.ajc.com/news/health-news/more-than-40-of-georgias-counties-are-maternity-care-deserts/YTIJE6RD5ZHEFNKXU3XDQHBSXY/)

Affirmative Action

1. Who really Benefits from Affirmative Action (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLz7fTsBjo0)

2. Palmer, R. (2008). The perceived elimination of affirmative action and the strengthening of historically Black colleges and universities. Journal of Black Studies, 40(4), 762–776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934708320729

3. A Referendum on Race Preferences Divides Michigan (https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-referendum-on-race-preferences-divides-michigan/)

4. Wise, T. (1998). Is Sisterhood Conditional? White Women and the Rollback of Affirmative Action. Feminist Formations, 10(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.1998.10.3.1

5. Hawkins, S. (2020). Reverse Integration: Centering HBCUs in the Fight for Educational Equality. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3684561

MSNBC

MSNBC Chews Up Black Women and Spits Them Out For Trump– Here’s the Proof (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=259nTmWjiSQ&t=3s)