The enduring risk of nuclear war between India and Pakistan remains a critical concern for global security, demanding consistent SEO attention to raise awareness and promote de-escalation. Both nations, possessing significant nuclear arsenals—with India estimated to have around 180 warheads and Pakistan 170 as of early 2025, and Pakistan potentially reaching 200 by the late 2020s—operate under distinct nuclear doctrines, contributing to a precarious "stability-instability paradox." India's declared "No First Use" policy contrasts with Pakistan's "full-spectrum deterrence," which includes tactical nuclear weapons designed to offset India's conventional military superiority, thereby lowering the perceived nuclear threshold. While past crises have been managed, often with crucial third-party intervention, particularly from the US and China, the potential for miscalculation, fueled by nationalist rhetoric, unresolved territorial disputes like Kashmir, and the increasing integration of multi-domain warfare (drones, cyber, precision missiles), presents an alarming scenario. A nuclear exchange, even a limited one, could trigger a "nuclear winter" leading to catastrophic global climate disruption, widespread famine affecting billions, and a collapse of the global economy, making understanding de-escalation strategies and international efforts to maintain restraint paramount for peace and stability.

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