In this episode, we cover molecular structure and the key spectroscopy techniques you need to know for the MCAT.

We'll explore the intricacies of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, breaking down the chemical shifts and spin-splitting essentials for understanding hydrogen and carbon bonds in various compounds. You'll learn how to identify functional groups using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and how mass spectrometry can help determine molecular weights and identify unknown compounds. We'll also touch on UV-Vis spectroscopy and its role in quantifying compounds based on absorption spectra.

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(00:00) Intro

(01:50) Introduction to absorption spectra and molecular structure

(01:52) Absorption spectroscopy and its applications

(03:39) IR spectroscopy: Analyzing functional groups with infrared radiation

(07:57) Key IR peaks to know for the MCAT

(09:52) Visible light and its role in determining compound color

(10:57) UV-Vis spectroscopy: Connecting visible and ultraviolet light for compound analysis

(14:06) Quantifying compounds using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Beer's Law

(16:48) Mass spectrometry: Determining molecular weight and identifying compounds

(22:18) Interpreting mass spectrometry graphs and calculating molecular weight

(26:44) NMR spectroscopy: Understanding molecular structure through proton shifts

(31:23) Key NMR shifts to know for the MCAT

(33:21) Spin splitting in NMR and the n+1 rule

The Doppler Effect is a crucial concept for the MCAT, particularly in the Chemistry & Physics section. We'll explore how the Doppler effect occurs when a wave source moves relative to an observer, affecting the observed frequency and wavelength. Using practical examples like an ambulance speeding towards you, we'll bring these concepts to life.

We'll also break down the Doppler effect equation, examining what it reveals—and what it doesn’t—about wave behavior. By the end of this episode, you'll have a solid understanding of The Doppler effect and will be ready to tackle any related questions on the MCAT.

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(00:00) Introduction to the MCAT Basics

(02:09) Conceptual Explanation of the Doppler Effect

(03:55) Example: Doppler Effect with an ambulance

(04:55) Speed of sound and wave propagation

(05:31) Impact of ambulance motion on sound wave speed

(06:37) Relationship between wave speed and frequency

(07:30) Detailed explanation of sound frequency

(08:45) Introduction to the Doppler Effect equation

(10:08) Proportionality in the Doppler Effect equation

(11:08) Discussion on wavelength and frequency relationship

(12:29) Application of the Doppler Effect equation

In this episode, we cover the topic of viruses. We explore a comprehensive range of subtopics including the definition and structure of viruses, their life cycles, and the differences between transduction and transfection. We also discuss virus classification, viral mutations, and subviral particles. This material will primarily appear in the Bio/Biochem section of the MCAT.

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[00:00] Introduction

[01:57] Definition of a virus

[02:55] Virus structure

[10:41] The viral life cycle

[17:34] The bacteriophage life cycle

[21:40] The retrovirus life cycle

[21:40] The retrovirus life cycle

[27:11] Virus classification

[32:09] Viral mutation

[40:31] Subviral particles

In this episode, we cover the topic of work and energy. We’ll start off by talking about work, which includes the mathematical and conceptual definitions and the sign convention of work. We’ll also talk a little bit about mechanical advantage and also path dependency. Moving on to energy, we’ll talk about the general definition of energy, we’ll compare and contrast energy in work and the different types of energy that includes kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and total mechanical energy. Lastly, we’ll talk about energy transfer, specifically heat transfer, and the three types of convection, conduction, and radiation.

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Jump Into the Conversation:

00:00 Introduction

05:27 Summary: Limits of equation for work and force

08:39 Positive work: force and displacement in same direction

09:32 Comparison of mechanical and thermodynamic work sign conventions

12:50 Work changes kinetic energy of moving objects

16:32 Friction and energy

22:25 Pitching

27:10 Kinetic and potential energy relation

32:14 Sun and heat transfer

In this episode, we’ll nail down all that is needed for the MCATB in relation to fat and protein metabolism. Two critical processes for gaining energy and maintaining cellular functions in the body. We'll learn about the intricate details of beta-oxidation, where fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondrial matrix to produce energy-rich molecules like NADH, FADH2, and acetyl CoA.

From protein catabolism, where proteins are broken down into amino acids that feed into gluconeogenesis and ketosis pathways, to protein anabolism, where these amino acids are incorporated into new proteins. You'll get insights into the role of amino acids in synthesizing other compounds like serotonin and nucleotides.

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Jump into the conversation:

00:00 Introduction to MCAT Basics

01:25 Fat metabolism

02:00 Fat absorption

06:45 Breakdown of fats

08:30 Lipolysis

10:15 Transport of fatty acids

11:20 Beta oxidation pathway

13:40 Energy yield from beta-oxidation

16:00 Odd-chain and unsaturated fatty acids in beta-oxidation

20:00 Differences in energy production and pathways.

22:29 Fatty acid synthesis

25:15 Ketone body formation and usage

28:00 Protein breakdown (catabolism)

31:45 Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids

35:00 Protein synthesis (anabolism)

Social norms and deviance as covered in the MCAT is a fascinating topic, and in this episode, we'll break down the intersection of social norms—folkways, mores, taboos, and laws—how they play a crucial role in shaping societal values, and what happens when these norms break down, a concept known as anomy. Plus, we'll delve into collective behavior phenomena such as fads, mass hysteria, moral panic, and riots, touching on some real-life examples and historical comparisons.

Expect a comprehensive overview, with real-world relevance and plenty of examples to help solidify your understanding.

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Jump into the conversation:

[00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics

[04:57] Breaking social norms is not a big deal.

[09:00] Jeffrey Dahmer was a serial killer.

[12:41] Breaking social norms, deviance explained in theories.

[14:03] Biking under influence leads to deviant identity.

[19:02] Weak community ties breed crime, social disorganization theory.

[20:20] Cultural deviance theory explains lower class deviance.

[23:39] Social control theory emphasizes individual responsibility for deviance.

[26:58] Orson Welles's 1938 radio drama causes hysteria.

In this episode, we discuss population genetics and see how genetically related individuals share the same alleles, delving into the mechanisms of gene flow and genetic drift. We'll also unravel the complexities of hybrid vigor, reproductive isolation, and natural selection, and how these processes shape the genetic landscape of populations.

We'll also touch on the fascinating dynamics of X-linked and mitochondrial inheritance, and the role of genomic imprinting in disease risk. Ever wondered how the Hardy-Weinberg equation helps us understand genetic equilibrium in populations? We've got that covered too, breaking down the assumptions and applications of this essential model. Plus, we'll delve into how allele frequencies can shift due to factors like mutations and population bottlenecks.

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Jump into the conversation:

[00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics

[01:06] Overview of Population Genetics

[01:55] Definition of Population Genetics

[03:01] Genotype vs. Phenotype

[03:38] Example of BRCA1 Gene

[07:33] Autosomal Dominant and Recessive Inheritance Patterns

[08:40] X-Linked Inheritance Patterns

[09:38] Mitochondrial Inheritance

[10:46] Genomic Imprinting

[12:46] Complex and Multifactorial Inheritance

[13:52] Introduction to Hardy Weinberg Equation

[14:33] Assumptions of Hardy Weinberg Equation

[15:16] Historical Context of Hardy Weinberg Equation

[17:02] Calculation of Allele Frequencies

[19:18] Example Problem Using Hardy Weinberg Equation

[23:17] Limitations of Hardy Weinberg Equation

[24:07] Ways Populations Change Over Time

[24:58] Natural Selection

[27:10] Fecundity and Fertility in Natural Selection

[28:07] Types of Natural Selection

[30:00] Mutation

[32:17] Example of Mutation in HIV Research

[34:29] Genetic Drift

[38:11] Gene Flow and Gene Leakage

[40:12] Hybrid Vigor and Reproductive Isolation

[42:16] Prepare for MCAT success with MedSchoolCoach.

In this episode, we'll explore three crucial hormone axes: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system. We'll decode the complex interplays among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and various peripheral organs, focusing on how these hormone systems regulate everything from stress responses and reproductive functions to blood pressure and fluid balance.

We'll break down the HPA axis and its pivotal role in stress response, featuring hormones like corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol. Next, we’ll navigate through the HPG axis to understand the hormonal orchestration behind testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone production. Lastly, we’ll zero in on the RAAS system, demystifying its essential function in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance.

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Jump into the conversation:

[00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics Podcast with host, Sam Smith

[03:11] Hypothalamus: brain section, regulates hormones, monkey bread.

[08:57] Hypothalamus releases hormones to stimulate pituitary gland.

[12:12] Cortisol is a crucial stress response hormone.

[13:12] Steroid hormones need carrier proteins for transport.

[17:05] Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis involves important structures.

[21:01] Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin hormone for sex development.

[27:14] Sex hormones regulate important body functions through feedback.

[28:31] Juxtaglomerial cells respond to changes in blood pressure.

[33:20] Angiotensin III and IV stimulate aldosterone release.

[35:36] Renin angiotensin system increases sodium, blood pressure.