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サマリー
あらすじ・解説
22. Now all this has happened that it might be fulfilled ― The following reference to Isaiah 7:14 is not traditionally ascribed to being a messianic prophecy. 23. the παρθένος shall conceive ― The original word in Isaiah is almah which denotes a young maiden, not necessarily a virgin, but often associated with being one and pre-adolescent (menstrual virgin)[1]. Radak, Rashi, and Rabbi Levi ben Gershon interpret Isaiah 7:14 to imply she was of marriageable age rather than ‘virgin’ signifying the status of a na’arah. ❑ The Greek utilizes the term parthenos (παρθένος) often implies virgin but not always[2]. This may also be an equivalent of the Hebraic term to denote a halachic virgin; potentially being a menstrual virgin (young woman) and/or hymen-blood virgin. 👑 The prophecy is given to King Ahaz about the future King Hezekiah[3] and fulfilled in Isaiah 9. The prophecy is given for all future messianic figures. For Jesus, the two kings of 7:16 are none other than Herod the Great (rule ended in 4 CE) and his son Herod Archelaus (rule ended in 6 CE). They shall call his name Immanuel ― This is only symbolic and not his actual name. Like Hezekiah, his reign will be marked by religious reform and a return to the worship of Hashem emphasizing that Hashem was indeed with His people through Hezekiah’s leadership and actions. The resurrection of Jesus was an emphasis that Hashem was with him. The role of Messiah is to bring heaven to earth and make earth a dwelling place for Hashem. Saying that he will be called Immanuel (like Hezekiah) will be that he will usher in an era where Hashem can be with mankind. This is brought about by way of influence and order, leading a global repentance and the desire to carry out the will of Hashem, making earth into a home worthy of His glory. ❑ This is being fulfilled partially as dominating religions have left their pagan ways and started turning back to Hashem because of Jesus. The final culmination of this will be upon the arrival of the Messianic era. ❑ He is named Jesus to begin, for he will bring the world to repentance. He “will be called” Immanuel, because this is the name he will acquire upon completion of the task, when the earth has been made into a dwelling place for Hashem. 24. and took his wife to himself; ― He formally married Mary. ❑ Joseph sent Mary away initially (Luke 1:39) to contemplate what he wants to do. After his dream and 3 months passed (Matthew 1:20-21), he then took Mary back as a wife (Luke 1:56). In Jewish law, a betrothed woman who is pregnant early in betrothal (especially in an unusual manner – such as a halachic virgin) would be sent away for three months to ensure the child was conceived at the time of betrothal or afterward and not before. This ensures the father and tribal affiliation of the child are correctly assigned[4]. 25. didn’t know her [Mary] until she had given birth ― To have sexual intercourse with full insertion rendering her no longer a hymen-blood virgin. This is not a requirement to be married if the other aspects have been fulfilled. her firstborn son ― The text states “her firstborn” and not “his” or “their”, for Joseph was old in age, and this was a second marriage. Joseph had children with his prior wife[5]. He [Joseph] named him Jesus ― It is the role of the biological father to carry out two primary duties for his son if he is living[6] [1] Yalkut me’am Loez Mozanim Isaiah 7:14 [2] Homer’s Iliad Book 2 line 514, Pindar’s Pythian Odes – Ode 3 line 34, Sophocles’ Trachiniae (The Women of Trachis) line 1219, Aristophanes’ Cloud (Nubes) line 530. [3] 2 Chronicles 29:1 Hezekiah is 25 years old when he takes the throne, putting his birth within a year after the prophecy was made. See Isaiah 7:14-17 (prophecy) & Isaiah 9:6 (fulfillment). [4] Mishnah Yevamot 4:10 [5] Epiphanius of Salamis – Panarion (Against Heresies), Jerome – Against Helvidius Chapter 21 [6] Kiddushin 29a