Which of the following is most accurate about nurse practitioner’s scope of practice?

A. The organization that grants NP certification dictates a profession scope of practice.

B. The employer is able to require the NP to provide services that are beyond what regulatory bodies outline.

C. The law of the state where the NP practices provides regulatory guidance on scope of practice.

D. Federal law advises on NP scope of practice.

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A four-week-old infant born at 39 weeks’ gestation, exclusively breast fed and has been healthy was brought in for an evaluation following a 2 day history of projectile vomiting that occurs after each feeding without with increased fussiness. The child's father mentioned that the baby appears to be without distress after vomiting and wants to feed immediately afterwards. Parents deny the infant has had fever, diarrhea or skin lesion; in addition, has not had exposure to individuals with similar symptoms. His last BM was about 18 hours ago, described as small and firm. Physical exam reveals an alert, active infant with a small palpable mask that is appreciated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The most likely diagnosis is:

A. Viral gastroenteritis

B. Pyloric stenosis

C. Intussusception

D. Gastroesophageal reflux
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A 25-year-old woman gravida 2, para 1 is 24 weeks pregnant and is being seen for an urgent care visit. She reports a constant headache over the past two days along with ankle swelling. Her BP today is 162/86 in, which is a significant elevation from her pre pregnancy blood pressure of 122/68.Laboratory results indicate 2 plus proteinuria as well as elevated ALT and AST. Platelets and LDH are within normal limits, as is fundoscopic and neurological exams. The most likely diagnosis is:

A. Health syndrome

B. Gestational hypertension

C. Preeclampsia

D. Hypertensive emergency
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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HSR0zonmZA&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=93

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A 77-year-old man is in for a routine follow up visit. He has its twenty-year history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension as well as a 5-year history of stage 3B chronic kidney disease, or CKB. At this visit, his A1C is 8.4% and his estimated GFR is 42 mL per minute. His BP is 128/76. He states he's feeling well and denies headache, visual changes, dizziness and hypoglycemic episodes. His medications include metformin, amlodipine, lisinopril and rosuvastatin. In reviewing his current medication, the NP considers which of the following options?

A. Prescribe glipizide

B. Add pioglitazone

C. Continue on his current medication without adjustment

D. Initiate therapy with Canagliflozin
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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOuR7ATNdMQ&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=92

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A 72-year-old woman with a 20-year history of hypertension and dyslipidemia-- both at EBP goals with appropriate drug therapy, as well as a remote history of peptic ulcer disease-- presents for follow up. She is a nonsmoker, drinks about 1- 2 glasses of wine per week and denies the use of other substances. Her daily routine includes a 2- 3 mile walk and she denies history of acute coronary syndrome or other ASCVD related conditions. She mentions that one of her friends takes an aspirin a day to “prevent a heart attack or a stroke”, and further states, “I live alone, and I need to maintain my independence.” According to the latest recommendations from US Preventative Services Task Force, which of the following is the most appropriate advice regarding low dose aspirin use in this patient?

A. Start low dose aspirin therapy 81 mg daily as the vascular benefits outweigh the risk.

B. Best evidence for primary prevention of ASCBT event is with higher dose aspirin at 325 mg a day.

C. The risks associated with aspirin therapy in this patient outweigh the potential benefits.

D. Start aspirin therapy only if the patient has a family history of heart disease and 1st degree relatives.
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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uK3CINTFOg&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=91

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A 57-year-old man presents for a routine physical exam during history taking. He reports that he drinks approximately 7-to-8 12-ounce beers nightly and denies other substance use, including tobacco. His physical examination is unremarkable except for mild pharyngeal erythema without exudate. In consideration of his health history, which of the following lab results would be anticipated?

A. Elevated platelets

B. Macrocytosis

C. Lymphocytosis

D. Elevated sed rate
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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57EyxtFcUUY&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=90

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Which of the following are the most common features of skin changes noted in areas of the feet affected by tinea pedis?

A. Widely distributed with consistently raised with areas of hyperpigmentation.

B. Localized to the dorsal aspect with central clearing and a raised border

C. Involving plantar crusting and interdigital fissures

D. Remains stable in size over time with lateral lichenification.
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Mrs. Martinez is a 64-year-old woman with 10 year-history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, HTN, and dyslipidemia. Her current medications include metformin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, statin, ARB and thiazide diuretic. She is at EBP-advised goals including recent A1c=6.9%. Today, she reports she is feeling well. Her history and physical examination are unremarkable. She mentions that, for the past year, in addition to her prescribed medications, she drinks a special tea blend that her sister makes, taking this each day to help “draw out the sugar” in her blood. She states, “I feel much better when I take it.” Your most appropriate response is:

A. “I don’t believe the tea is helpful in controlling your blood sugar.”

B. "Please stop using the tea until I can look into its contents."

C. "Homemade teas might interact with your medicines”

D. “Tell me more about how the tea draws out the sugar.”

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