"Twilight of the Æsir" delves into the Viking Age, focusing on the period from the late 8th to the early 10th centuries. Carlin explores the complex dynamics of Viking raids, their impact on European societies, and the gradual transformation of Viking culture.

The podcast begins by discussing the initial Viking raids in the late 8th century, particularly the attack on Lindisfarne in 793. Carlin then examines the escalation of Viking activities in the 9th century, including their expansion into Ireland, England, and continental Europe. He highlights the Vikings' naval prowess and their ability to navigate rivers, allowing them to penetrate deep into territories.

Carlin discusses the various motivations behind Viking raids, including economic gain, political power, and cultural factors. He explores the concept of the Vikings as both traders and raiders, noting how their activities varied depending on the circumstances and opportunities presented.

The episode covers significant events such as the formation of the Great Heathen Army in 865 and its campaigns in England. Carlin also delves into the siege of Paris in 885-886, providing details about the Viking tactics and the city's defense.

Throughout the podcast, Carlin examines the responses of European rulers to the Viking threat, including figures like Charlemagne, Alfred the Great, and Charles the Fat. He discusses the various strategies employed, from military confrontation to paying off the Vikings with silver.

The episode also touches on the gradual settlement of Vikings in conquered territories, such as the Danelaw in England, and the beginning of their integration into European society. Carlin explores the cultural exchanges and conflicts that arose from these interactions.

Carlin concludes by reflecting on the transformations occurring within Viking society by the early 10th century, hinting at the challenges they would face in maintaining their traditional way of life in the face of increasing pressure from Christian European powers.

Listen to the full podcast episode here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GB5qlcfPfBraZxBTIC0QC