U.S. Accelerates Critical Mineral Self-Sufficiency Amid Supply Chain Concerns

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U.S. Accelerates Critical Mineral Self-Sufficiency Amid Supply Chain Concerns

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In the past week, the United States has accelerated efforts to strengthen its domestic critical mineral industry, a move prompted by growing concerns over supply chain vulnerabilities. On May 16, 2025, the administration continued its focus on critical minerals with Executive Order 14285, titled "Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources," which follows the March 20 Executive Order 14241 on "Immediate Measures to Increase American Mineral Production." These actions highlight the government's recognition of critical minerals as vital to both national security and economic stability.

The Department of the Interior has announced plans to expedite environmental approvals for energy and mining projects on public lands. Under this new directive, environmental reviews that normally take up to a year will be completed in just 14 days, while more detailed reviews will be shortened from two years to 28 days. This accelerated process applies to projects involving crude oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, and critical minerals.

Former Newmont executive David Copley has been appointed to oversee the mining portfolio of the U.S. National Energy Dominance Council, making him the highest-ranking federal official shaping domestic minerals policy. This appointment addresses a long-standing issue where U.S. mining policy has been administered by multiple agencies with often conflicting priorities.

The administration is also considering establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest in domestic mining and processing of critical minerals, particularly rare earths and other strategic resources. This initiative aims to reduce reliance on foreign imports, which is viewed as a matter of national security.

Meanwhile, U.S. Energy Corporation reported positive first-quarter results on May 12, highlighting progress in its Montana development project. The company is advancing its strategy to become a leading provider of non-hydrocarbon industrial gases, with plant construction set to begin in July.

In international developments, Russia has opened the door to potential rare earth collaboration with the United States. According to Kirill Dmitriev, CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund, discussions have already begun with several U.S. companies expressing interest in joint projects to develop rare earth deposits in the Murmansk region.

These developments come as China has responded to U.S. tariffs with export restrictions on rare earths, further emphasizing the strategic importance of developing domestic sources of critical minerals.