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The Enlightenment had been awakened by the European Age of Discovery, but the continent was also a seedbed of insurrection, holy wars, and volatility. People were growing weary of the unpredictable system of monarchy, a post that was inherited only by members of an exclusive bloodline or connection, one that often muted the voices of the people. Time and time again, grossly incompetent and seemingly diabolic rulers had come to power through the rigged regal system.

In 1605, Guy Fawkes was one of over a dozen conspirators in the famous Gunpowder Plot, an attempt to assassinate England's King James I. When the plot was discovered, Fawkes and other conspirators were quickly convicted and executed, and the king asked his subjects to remember the date as "the joyful day of deliverance". Fawkes was but one of a countless number of failed assassins, but in a perversely ironic way, the king's declaration ultimately turned November 5 into Guy Fawkes Day.