検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Эристика, или Искусство побеждать в спорах — труд немецкого философа Артура Шопенгауэра (нем. Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788–1860). Эристика — наука о правильном ведении спора, когда один из собеседников всегда останется при своем мнении, то есть останется правым. Другими выдающимися произведениями А. Шопенгауэра являются "О воле в природе", "О свободе воли", "Об основе морали", "Две основные проблемы этики", "О четверояком корне закона достаточного основания" и "Мир как воля и представление".

For millennia, philosophers and scientists have been trying to unlock the secrets of the mind with only limited success—until now. Today, with modern technologies including the best in neuroscience, medical imaging, and recent advances in artificial intelligence, we are making more progress than ever before. In Introduction to Cognitive Science, Professor Thad A. Polk takes you on a fascinating tour of the latest discoveries in the relatively new field of cognitive science. In 24 exciting lectures, Professor Polk shares dozens of the most challenging questions in cognitive science today.

Le mensonge est important. Nous nous mentons à nous-même et aux autres. Mais qu'est-ce qui nous pousse à dissimuler ou arranger la vérité à notre avantage ? Nous sommes imparfaits, pas aussi bons que nous le souhaiterions ou que nous le prétendons. L'intégration sociale nous oblige également à mentir car la vérité est source de problèmes et de conflits. Pour survivre et réussir, nous faisons semblant, avec les meilleures intentions. Mais attention! Le mensonge est bien trompeur. Quelles sont derrière les apparences, les diverses causes et formes du mensonge ?

In a letter of 1932, Karl Popper described Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie–The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge–as ‘…a child of crises, above all of …the crisis of physics.' The two fundamental problems of knowledge that lie at the center of the book are the problem of induction, that although we are able to observe only a limited number of particular events, science nevertheless advances unrestricted universal statements; and the problem of demarcation, which asks for a separating line between empirical science and non-science.

Stymied and stumped by arguments that wrap around you like web of mystification? The Amazing Dr. Ransom's Bestiary of Adorable Fallacies is here to help! This "Field Guide for Clear Thinkers" is filled with descriptions, exercises, and analysis to help you identify and avoid fallacies you might encounter in everyday life.

One troubling trend amongst people today is the belief in "Luck". If you ask "What is Luck?" giving the impression you never heard of it before they are at a loss of words to explain what exactly "Luck" is. They've never actually thought about it but just believed that it existed. First we must know what luck is before we can come to classify it, if it exists.

La característica más específica de nuestra especie, la que nos diferencia del resto de los animales, es la capacidad de aprender y usar lenguas, y para ello es necesario que cuente con un cerebro lleno de palabras. Desde que nos despertamos hasta que nos acostamos vivimos, convivimos y nos comunicamos a través de las palabras.

Hermeticism or Hermetism is a philosophical system based on the purported teachings of Hermes Trismegistus (a legendary Hellenistic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth). These teachings are contained in the various writings attributed to Hermes (the Hermetica), which were produced over a period spanning many centuries (c. 300 BCE — 1200 CE) and may be very different in content and scope.

Dangerous Jokes develops a novel, well-researched, and compelling argument that lays bare the power of demeaning jokes in ordinary conversations. Claire Horisk draws on her expertise in philosophy of language and on evidence from sociology, law, and cognitive science to explain how the element of humor—so often used as a defense—makes jokes more potent than regular speech in communicating prejudice and reinforcing social hierarchies.

The self-evident existence of reason, logic, and intelligibility are strong evidence for God. Reason is a human faculty that defines humanness and points to a rational universe. This in turn points to the principle of reason, or the "Logos" developed by Heraclitus and other Greek philosophers, and later by the Apostle John (1:1). Reason and its corollaries emerge like aspects of language and complement each other, like speaking and listening. Indeed, mutual communication works because of reciprocity, which is a root form of intelligibility.

Andrea Chapela, una de las grandes autoras jóvenes en nuestra lengua, empieza con esta confesión: "A mí la ciencia me parece bella y, al escribir, quiero explorar esa belleza." En los tres ensayos aquí incluidos, "El acto de ver a través", "El acto de verse" y "La historia de ver", los objetos de la minuciosa observación y animada curiosidad de la autora son, respectivamente, la ventana, el espejo y la luz.

Hegels Logik von 1812 komplett (aber ohne die Anmerkungen) in 36 Stunden vorgelesen und mit einem ausführlichen Inhalts- und Trackverzeichnis versehen.

Wie gewinne ich ein Streitgespräch? Unter den deutschen Philosophen nimmt Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860) die Rolle eines Idealisten ein, der von Platon und Kant zu seiner eigenen Erkenntnistheorie fand. Wie man aus Streitgesprächen als Sieger hervorgeht, das ist das Kernthema des vorliegenden Werkes. Eristische Dialektik, das ist die Technik des Diskutierens, und mit seinen 38 rhetorischen Kunstgriffen, die Schopenhauer präsentiert, soll jede Debatte gewonnen werden können. Gefunden wurde das fertige Manuskript ohne Überschriften im Nachlass Schopenhauers.

Nuestro cerebro está programado para llevar una vida como cazadores y recolectores. Sin embargo, hoy en día vivimos en un mundo radicalmente diferente. Esto conduce a errores de lógica sistemáticos que pueden resultar devastadores para nuestro dinero, nuestra carrera profesional o nuestra suerte. Los textos de Rolf Dobelli no solo son enriquecedores por su contenido, sino porque nos proporcionan el auténtico placer de la lectura.

Inside What Would Plato Think?, you’ll find the basics of philosophy, written in an easy, digestible way we can all understand, along with questions to help you apply these important theories to your own life. So, after you’ve learned about a philosophical concept, you’ll then be challenged to test yourself and see how the results can impact your daily life.

Il 21 aprile 1966 Gregory Bateson – antropologo e padre dell’Ecologia della Mente - tenne un discorso alla conferenza “Two Worlds Symposium", presso lo State College di Sacramento, California. Quella che ascolterete è la trascrizione integrale di quell’intervento. Era iniziata proprio allora la mobilitazione degli studenti contro la guerra del Vietnam; quegli studenti erano parzialmente consapevoli di essere nati in un mondo impazzito ma disorientati e pieni di rabbia per non essere in grado di capirne le vere origini.

This book offers what may with reservations be described as a theory of the mind. But it does not give new information about minds. We possess already a wealth of information about minds, information which is neither derived from, nor upset by, the arguments of philosophers. The philosophical arguments which constitute this book are intended not to increase what we know about minds, but to rectify the logical geography of the knowledge which we already possess.

Dit boek is een reisgids door de eeuwenoude filosofie van het Stoïcisme, een levenshouding die zijn wortels diep heeft verankerd in de menselijke geschiedenis. In een wereld die constant in beweging is, biedt het Stoïcisme een rotsvast kompas om je weg te vinden te midden van de problemen en vreugde van het leven.

Do you feel like your coaching sessions are just going in circles after trying your best to help your clients change but getting nowhere? Have you ever felt like there must be a more effective way to empower your clients to embrace change and achieve remarkable results? You’ve got the certifications, the right gear, and even the perfect ambiance in your coaching space. But something's missing… Your clients listen but don't seem to move forward. It's like watching a car stuck in the mud — lots of effort, but no progress.

It is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which such changes—both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech—have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role.