検索キーワード： 現代

Karl Marx, penseur révolutionnaire au sens propre. Ses travaux ont marqué l'Histoire et considérablement influencé le XXe siècle à travers le communisme. Sa pensée est toujours au cœur des luttes idéologiques contemporaines. Philosophe, il donne au prolétariat une doctrine, et érige la lutte des classes en système ; économiste, il analyse le capital et la marchandise ; politique, il fonde l'Internationale. Ces 100 citations vous familiariseront avec son œuvre, sa doctrine, et son style tranchant.

L'homme est naturellement bon ; c'est la société qui le pervertit. On doit cette idée fondamentale à Jean-Jacques Rousseau, philosophe, initiateur du genre autobiographique avec les "Confessions", penseur politique, écrivain romantique, et même compositeur d'opéra ; une figure majeure de l'âge des Lumières.

Philosophe danois, chrétien et séducteur, Søren Kierkegaard fut une influence majeure sur la théologie en même temps que sur la philosophie occidentale. Poète, mystique et mélancolique, Kierkegaard s'attache à penser ce que signifie être sujet de sa propre existence, les sentiments entraînés par nos choix de vie, et la relation que la foi donne avec Dieu. On lui doit une vision toute nouvelle des trois âges de la vie, et la pensée de l'absurde, de l'angoisse et du désespoir existentiel.

Nicolas de Chamfort est un poète, journaliste et moraliste français. Débutant par quelques articles au Journal encyclopédique et une collaboration au Vocabulaire français, il se fit connaître de bonne heure par des prix de poésie remportés à l'Académie, donna au Théâtre-Français quelques comédies qui réussirent, et s'attacha pour vivre à diverses entreprises littéraires. Avant la Révolution, il fut un des écrivains les plus apprécié par les salons parisiens, brillant et spirituel, il écrivit des pièces de théâtre.

Sur le point d'assister à un récital d'opéra, un philosophe rencontre le neveu du compositeur Rameau. Leur discussion est l'occasion d'aborder de nombreux sujets tels que l'art, l'éducation, la vertu, la morale ou la musique. Entre le philosophe moraliste et le neveu cynique semble de prime abord exister un fossé, qui, au fur et à mesure du récit, tend à se combler et à rapprocher les deux hommes.

Charles de Montesquieu est un penseur politique, précurseur de la sociologie, philosophe et écrivain français des Lumières. Jeune homme passionné par les sciences et à l'aise avec l'esprit de la Régence, Montesquieu publie anonymement les "Lettres persanes" (1721), un roman épistolaire qui fait la satire amusée de la société française vue par des Persans fictifs et met en cause les différents systèmes politiques et sociaux, y compris le leur.

Henry David Thoreau : auteur incontournable pour qui se pose la question de la vie juste. Poète et philosophe américain, partisan de l'abolition de l'esclavage, défenseur de la désobéissance civile face à un gouvernement corrompu, Thoreau est aussi précurseur du mouvement de la simplicité volontaire. "Walden ou la vie dans les bois" fut écrit dans une cabane qu'il avait lui-même construite au fond de la forêt, et où il redécouvrit la vie en communion avec la nature.

In Defence of Serendipity is a lively and buccaneering work of investigative philosophy, treating the origins of 'serendipity, accident and sagacity' as both riddles and philosophical concepts that can be put to a future political use. Taking in Aristotle, LSD, Tony Blair and techno-mysticism, Olma challenges the prevailing faith in the benevolence of digital technology and the illegitimate equation of innovation and entrepreneurship.

A cultural and intellectual history of sincerity, from its emergence during the Protestant Reformation to its present incarnations and adversaries. People have long been duped by "straight-talking" politicians, confessional talk-show hosts, and falsely earnest advertisers. As sincerity has become suspect, the upright and honest have taken refuge in irony.

Addressing both collegiate and professional sports, the updated edition of Fair Play explores the ethical presuppositions of competitive athletics and their connection both to ethical theory and to concrete moral dilemmas that arise in actual athletic competition. A major new section in chapter four examines the ethics of genetically enhancing athletic abilities. Other new material covers the analysis of sports and games according to influential philosopher Bernard Suits; the morality of cheating and the ethics of strategic fouling; and more.

Somerset Maugham's success as a writer enabled him to indulge his adventurous love of travel, and he recorded the sights and sounds of his wide-ranging journeys with a unique urbane, wry style. The Gentleman in the Parlour is an account of the author's trip through what was then Burma and Siam, ending in Haiphong, Vietnam. Whether by river to Mandalay, on horse through the mountains and forests of the Shan States to Bangkok, or onwards by sea, Maugham's vivid descriptions bring a lost world to life.

Ayn Rand's philosophical novels The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged made her the most controversial author of her age. Her works have drawn millions of fans and continue to sell at a breathtaking pace. Their impact on American culture runs from libertarian politics to the self-esteem movement in psychology to the rugged individualism of Silicon Valley and the Internet. Rand also launched a movement of intellectuals committed to her philosophy of Objectivism.

All too often we don't realize our potential until we use it, and this book will help you realize just what you can do. Being able to conquer your fears, attain your goals, and really see for yourself just what you can do is miraculous, and if you've ever felt like you're not reaching for the stars but instead are settling on the ground, it's time to change that. Any dream is possible, and this book will show you how to reach your goals in a simple, effective manner.

Dialogue and Antithesis: A Philosophical Study on the Significance of Herman Dooyeweerd's Transcendental Critique is a comprehensive examination of the philosophy of leading Dutch Christian philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd (1894-1977).

World War II was by far one of the most significant wars of all time. Ripples of the splash this war made on history are still being felt today. Even more so than its predecessor, this was the most comprehensive global war. The focal point is the European battle front but there was just as much, if not more in Asia and even in Africa and the Americas.

Ayn Rand and her philosophical school, Objectivism, have had a considerable influence upon American popular culture, yet the true story of her life and work has yet to be told. In this book, Jeff Walker debunks the cult-like following that developed around the author of the classics Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead - a cult that persists even today.

Our humanity has long since been exceeded by the power of the wicked witches of science and government to destroy all life with nuclear weapons, alter our DNA and control our minds with psychotropic drugs and our lives with media lies. Our thoughts and conjectures about life and the universe are often based on assumptions, unproven theories, hearsay, rumors and misinformation. Decisions we make in life may be based on ancient attitudes and archaic practices

This volume gathers studies by prominent scholars and philosophers about the question how have major figures from the history of philosophy, and some contemporary philosophers, addressed "the ultimate why question": why is there anything at all rather than nothing whatsoever? The authors take this question seriously, striving to go beyond accounting for the present state of reality as distinguished from a prior or subsequent state, to the more profound question of discerning why anything whatsoever exists.

The great figures of modern philosophy led generations to struggle with the most crucial of questions and break through a new understanding of conscience and existence. Nietzsche's work is radical, sometimes violent, often ironic; it fascinates anyone bold enough to delve into it, exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history, and covers a wide range of subjects. Immanuel Kant is one of the most important figures of German philosophy, said to have affected a Copernican revolution in philosophy.

In The Ajax Dilemma, Paul Woodruff examines one of today's most pressing moral issues: how to distribute rewards and public recognition without damaging the social fabric. How should we honor those whose behavior and achievement is essential to our overall success? Is it fair or right to lavish rewards on the superstar at the expense of the hardworking rank-and-file? How do we distinguish an impartial fairness from what is truly just?