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In 427 B.C., the Ancient Greek city-state of Athens was flourishing. Approximately 80 years earlier, the Athenians had formed the first self-representative democracy in history, the Peloponnesian War against Sparta had only just started, and Socrates was only beginning to lay the foundation of what would become Western philosophy.

One of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the history of Western thought, St Thomas Aquinas established the foundations for much of modern philosophy of religion, and is famous for his arguments for the existence of God. In this cogent and multifaceted introduction to the great saint's work, Edward Feser argues that you cannot fully understand Aquinas' philosophy without his theology, and vice-versa. He covers Aquinas' thoughts on the soul, natural law, metaphysics, and more.

Alongside Plato, Aristotle is, without question, one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers and arguably the greatest icon of ancient thought. His life and work expanded rapidly and extensively across the ancient world, helped in part by the fact he tutored Alexander the Great. He was a recognized and celebrated intellectual force during all of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Furthermore, after Aristotle, Greek thought and political influence began a rapid decline.

Mill's autobiography deals primarily with the life of the mind - but it is a mind which ranks as one of the most remarkable and significant of the nineteenth century. The book memorably depicts the emergence of a brilliant child prodigy, the product of an extraordinary education which both hastened his development and brought him to the brink of suicide by the age of 21.

In this compelling new biography, historian Niccol Capponi frees Machiavelli (1469-1527) from centuries of misinterpretation. Exploring the Renaissance city of Florence, where Machiavelli lived, Capponi reveals the man behind the legend. A complex portrait of Machiavelli emerges - at once a brilliantly skillful diplomat and a woefully inept liar; a sharp thinker and an impractical dreamer; a hard-nosed powerbroker and a risk-taking gambler; a calculating propagandist and an imprudent jokester.

Penseur brillant, Marx est aussi un homme d'action qui consacre sa vie à la lutte. Pour lui, le niveau de civilisation d'une société se mesure au sort qu'elle réserve aux plus démunis. D'où son engagement aux côtés du prolétariat, pour lequel il construit une théorie complète, dans le but de le rendre idéologiquement autonome. C'est en effet ainsi que peut se fonder efficacement son émancipation, qui par ailleurs délivre toute la société du règne de l'argent.

An introduction to the life and work of Rudolf Steiner, a largely undiscovered genius whose work deserves to be far better known. No acquaintance is presupposed, but experienced anthroposophists also stand to gain by listening to it.

It might be fair to say that everyone's thinking has been influenced at one point or another by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, or at least someone who was influenced in turn by Nietzsche. Nietzsche (1844-1900) was one of the most influential men of the 19th century, a German philosopher, poet, and composer who wrote at length about everything from religion to science. In addition to the importance of his work, he was a deft writer and polemic, ensuring his continuing popularity among readers.

We have selected for you 100 best quotes by Marx. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. Marx studied law and Hegelian philosophy. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, "The Communist Manifesto", and the three-volume "Das Kapital". His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.

It is impossible to overstate the cultural significance of the four men described in Don Lattin's The Harvard Psychedelic Club. Huston Smith, tirelessly working to promote cross-cultural religious and spiritual tolerance. Richard Alpert, aka Ram Dass, inspiring generations with his mantra "be here now". Andrew Weil, undisputed leader of the holistic medicine revolution. And, of course, Timothy Leary, the charismatic, rebellious counterculture icon and LSD guru.

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) war nicht nur als Begründer der existentialistischen Philosophie die intellektuelle Instanz im Frankreich des vergangenen Jahrhunderts...

Thomas Paine was one of the greatest political propagandists in history. The Rights of Man, first published in 1791, is the key to his reputation. Inspired by his outrage at Edmund Burke's attack on the uprising of the French people, Paine's text is a passionate defense of the rights of man. Paine argued against monarchy and outlined the elements of a successful republic, including public education, pensions, and relief of the poor and unemployed, all financed by income tax.

Since his retirement as Archbishop of Canterbury and his return to academic life (Master of Magdalene College Cambridge), Rowan Williams has demonstrated a massive new surge of intellectual energy. In this new audiobook, he turns his attention to St Augustine. St Augustine not only shaped the development of Western theology, he also made a major contribution to political theory ( The City of God) and, through his Confessions, to the understanding of human psychology.

Stoicism may be an ancient philosophy, but it is one that has even more relevance to our daily lives now that we are in the modern world. Too often we find that we aren't able to control our lives, control the events that go on, or even control the people and how they act. But with stoicism, we learn that we can control some things, such as our emotions and our reactions, and this can help to lead us to happiness.

Since the publication of The Prince five centuries ago, Machiavelli has been associated with political amorality. But that characterization is unfair. In Be Like the Fox, Erica Benner sets the record straight: far from the ruthless "Machiavellian" henchman that people think he was, Machiavelli emerges here as a profound ethical thinker who fought to uphold high moral standards and restore the democratic freedoms of his beloved Florence.

Stoicism: Live a Life of Virtue - Complete Guide on Stoicism provides an overview of the history of the stoic philosophy as well as profiles of some of the ancient masters who contributed to its development. In addition, it tells the stories of some modern practitioners of the philosophy who successfully used it to overcome difficult situations in their lives. We have also provided a number of exercises that you can use to help make Stoicism a part of your daily life. Start living the stoic life today.

L'art du bon goût et du bon mot ? L'élégance et l'insolence ? Qu'est-ce qu'un dandy ? Michel Onfray entreprend la déconstruction du mythe qu'est devenu George Brummell, prince des dandys. Le personnage réel est retrouvé sous les falsifications accumulées par ses successeurs, comme Barbey d'Aurevilly ou Baudelaire, qui ont recréé de toutes pièces une icône à révérer.

Sujet d'intense fascination, le Marquis de Sade a acquis au fil des décennies une image qui relève du mythe. En occultant, détournant et justifiant les faits historiques, de nombreux intellectuels du XXème siècle interprètent avec complaisance la vie et la littérature du Marquis jusqu'à l'ériger en symbole. Briseur de tabous, libérateur de la sexualité, Révolutionnaire et féministe avant l'heure ? La réalité du personnage est autre.

Are you ready to lead a life that is full of virtue, where you are able to lead a good life that isn't controlled by your emotions but still allows you to have empathy and feelings for others? Stoicism is an ancient thought that has stood the test of time and can provide you with the fulfilling life that you are looking for.

Dallas Willard was a personal mentor and inspiration to hundreds of pastors, philosophers, and average churchgoers. His presence and ideas rippled through the lives of many prominent leaders and authors, such as John Ortberg, Richard Foster, James Bryan Smith, Paula Huston, and J. P. Moreland. As a result of these relationships and the books he wrote, he fundamentally altered the way tens of thousands of Christians have understood and experienced the spiritual life.