OTD:

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain on the first successful circumnavigation of the globe, though he died before completing the journey.

In 1870, Italian troops captured Rome, completing Italy's unification and marking the end of the Papal States.

In 1881, Camille Saint-Saëns premiered his opera Samson and Delilah in Germany, becoming one of his most celebrated works.

In 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad reached its most intense phase, resulting in a Soviet victory and a major turning point in World War II.

In 1948, Dr. Andrew Ivy revealed that mustard gas could be used to treat cancer, leading to the development of chemotherapy.

In 1973, Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs in the "Battle of the Sexes," a landmark victory for women's sports and the feminist movement.

In 1973, Bahamasair Flight 427 crashed near Nassau due to poor weather, killing all 34 people on board.

In 1977, NASA’s Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Jupiter, revealing new details about the planet and its moons.

In 2008, the U.S. Federal Reserve approved an $85 billion bailout for AIG, preventing its collapse during the global financial crisis.

In 2019, Google announced that its quantum computer, Sycamore, had achieved "quantum supremacy," solving a problem faster than classical computers.

OTD:

In 1888, Belgium hosted the world's first beauty contest in the town of Spa, setting the stage for modern beauty pageants.

In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote, a landmark achievement in the global suffrage movement.

In 1944, Operation Market Garden, the largest airborne operation in history, began but failed to secure key bridges in the Netherlands during World War II.

In 1957, the first successful use of an artificial pacemaker was performed in the U.S., revolutionizing the treatment of heart arrhythmias.

In 1985, a devastating 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City, killing over 10,000 people and leading to major reforms in disaster management.

In 1970, Jackie Stewart won his first Formula One World Championship, becoming a legend known for his racing skill and safety advocacy.

In 1982, the educational video game Reader Rabbit was released, becoming a pioneer in interactive learning for children.

In 1991, the British pound crashed out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism on "Black Wednesday," causing significant financial losses.

In 2017, China banned Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) to combat financial fraud, causing a major dip in global cryptocurrency markets.

OTD:

In 1793, the Louvre in Paris opened as a public museum, displaying art seized during the French Revolution and becoming one of the world’s most famous museums.

In 1809, Humphry Davy demonstrated the first electric lamp in London, laying the groundwork for future electric lighting innovations.

In 1837, the Battle of Yungay ended the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation with a decisive Chilean victory, reshaping South America's political landscape.

In 1895, German judge Daniel Paul Schreber's psychotic episode led to a famous psychiatric case study that influenced Sigmund Freud's theories on paranoia.

In 1973, King Carl XVI Gustaf was enthroned in Sweden, leading the monarchy through a modern era with a focus on public engagement and social issues.

In 1976, Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey was born, later becoming a two-time Olympic gold medalist and setting a world record in the 100 meters.

In 1980, Microsoft released MS-DOS, a pivotal operating system that helped drive the personal computing revolution and establish Microsoft’s dominance.

In 1985, a massive earthquake in Mexico City killed over 10,000 people, prompting changes in building codes and disaster preparedness.

In 2008, Lehman Brothers' collapse during the global financial crisis triggered panic in markets and led to the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.

In 2019, the Libra Association, led by Facebook, announced plans for a global cryptocurrency, facing heavy regulatory opposition before scaling back.