OTD:

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain on the first successful circumnavigation of the globe, though he died before completing the journey.

In 1870, Italian troops captured Rome, completing Italy's unification and marking the end of the Papal States.

In 1881, Camille Saint-Saëns premiered his opera Samson and Delilah in Germany, becoming one of his most celebrated works.

In 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad reached its most intense phase, resulting in a Soviet victory and a major turning point in World War II.

In 1948, Dr. Andrew Ivy revealed that mustard gas could be used to treat cancer, leading to the development of chemotherapy.

In 1973, Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs in the "Battle of the Sexes," a landmark victory for women's sports and the feminist movement.

In 1973, Bahamasair Flight 427 crashed near Nassau due to poor weather, killing all 34 people on board.

In 1977, NASA’s Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Jupiter, revealing new details about the planet and its moons.

In 2008, the U.S. Federal Reserve approved an $85 billion bailout for AIG, preventing its collapse during the global financial crisis.

In 2019, Google announced that its quantum computer, Sycamore, had achieved "quantum supremacy," solving a problem faster than classical computers.