OTD:

In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo's "Grito de Dolores" sparked the Mexican War of Independence against Spanish rule, eventually leading to Mexico's independence in 1821.

In 1859, Joshua Norton declared himself "Emperor of the United States" in San Francisco, becoming a beloved local figure despite his eccentricity.

In 1893, Dr. Charles McBurney performed the first successful appendectomy in New York, marking a major advancement in abdominal surgery.

In 1920, a deadly bomb exploded on Wall Street, killing 38 people and raising security concerns after an anarchist-led attack.

In 1956, IBM launched the 704 computer, the first mass-produced machine to support floating-point arithmetic, advancing scientific computing.

In 1965, Jean-Luc Godard's film Pierrot le Fou was released, becoming a key work in the French New Wave with its innovative style and existential themes.

In 1975, Papua New Guinea established the Bank of Papua New Guinea as its central bank, a major step in managing its post-independence economy.

In 1978, martial law was declared in several Iranian cities amid growing protests against the Shah’s regime, leading to the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

In 2000, the Sydney Summer Olympics opened, featuring record-breaking performances and praised as one of the best-organized Olympic Games.

In 2015, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management completed its investigation into a data breach affecting 22 million people, highlighting cybersecurity vulnerabilities.