検索キーワード： 歴史

Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy serves as the perfect introduction to its subject; it remains unchallenged as the greatest account of the history of Western thought. Charting philosophy's course from the pre-Socratics up to the early twentieth century, Russell relates each philosopher and school to their respective historical and cultural contexts, providing erudite commentary throughout his invaluable survey.

Philosophy begins with questions about the nature of reality and how we should live. These were the concerns of Socrates, who spent his days in the ancient Athenian marketplace asking awkward questions, disconcerting the people he met by showing them how little they genuinely understood. This engaging book introduces the great thinkers in Western philosophy and explores their most compelling ideas about the world and how best to live in it.

Why have history's greatest minds - from George Washington to Frederick the Great to Ralph Waldo Emerson along with today's top performers, from Super Bowl-winning football coaches to CEOs and celebrities - embraced the wisdom of the ancient Stoics? Because they realize that the most valuable wisdom is timeless and that philosophy is for living a better life, not a classroom exercise. The Daily Stoic offers a daily devotional of Stoic insights and exercises, featuring all-new translations.

奴隷が奴隷でありながら、いかに真の自由を手にするか――。異色の古代哲学者エピクテトスから学ぶ、不惑の生き方、考え方!

"Jenseits von Gut und Böse" ... Dies heißt zum Mindesten nicht "Jenseits von Gut und Schlecht"." (Friedrich Nietzsche: Zur Genealogie der Moral. Erste Abhandlung) "An einer Theorie ist wahrhaft nicht ihr geringster Reiz, dass sie widerlegbar ist: gerade damit zieht sie feinere Köpfe an. Es scheint, dass die hundertfach widerlegte Theorie vom "freien Willen" ihre Fortdauer nur noch diesem Reize verdankt -: immer wieder kommt Jemand und fühlt sich stark genug, sie zu widerlegen." (Friedrich Nietzsche: Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Erstes Hauptstück).

"Dass ich (...) vom "deutschen Wesen" zu fabeln begann (...) heute ist es mir ein unmögliches Buch" - so Nietzsche in seinem "Versuch einer Selbstkritik", dem der "Geburt der Tragödie" 14 Jahre später angefügten Vorwort aus dem Jahr 1886. Und tatsächlich birgt dieses Buch schwer zu ertragende Abschnitte, die sich, als Huldigung an die großen sächsischen Antiromanisten und Antisemiten Martin Luther und Richard Wagner, wie ein Hinweis auf den späteren Zusammenbruch der Menschlichkeit in Deutschland lesen.

"Человек – мера всех вещей". Или нет? Об этом спорит Сократ с философами-софистами в "Протагоре", отстаивая благость богов, но не человека и раскрывая оппонентам понятие добродетели, которая есть высшее знание. В сборник включены также сочинения Платона "Феаг", "Менексен", "Эвтидем", "Горгиас", "Менон". Эти сократические произведения имеют форму диалогов, в которых методом вопросов и ответов проясняются проблемы воспитания и принципы образования, знания и невежества, истины и лжи, хаоса и порядка, добра и зла.

Ораторское искусство существовало во многих древних государствах, однако его историю принято отсчитывать от 490 года до н.э., когда древнегреческий полководец Перикл установил афинскую демократию. Затем Аристотель, позже Цицерон создали не только систематическую науку о красноречии, но также составили профессиональные требования к ритору. Настоящий оратор — не тот, кто увлекает других своими мыслями, но кто поддерживает правила диалога и совместного гражданского существования людей.

Принято считать, что философия — мужская наука, однако это не так. И настоящая книга является тому доказательством. В ней вы узнаете о первой в мире женщине-философе Гипатии Александрийской, основательнице детского психоанализа Анне Фрейд, философе и идеологе русского символизма Зинаиде Гиппиус, создательнице объективизма Айн Рэнд, выступавшей за феминистское движение Симоне де Бовуар и многих других, в том числе и наших современницах. Познакомитесь с их открытиями и непростыми судьбами.

After the execution of Socrates in 399 BC, a number of his followers wrote dialogues featuring him as the protagonist and, in so doing, transformed the great philosopher into a legendary figure. Xenophon's portrait is the only one other than Plato's to survive, and while it offers a very personal interpretation of Socratic thought, it also reveals much about the man and his philosophical views.

நிக்கோலோ மச்சிவெல்லி (3 மே 1469-21 ஜூன் 1527) மறுமலர்ச்சிக் காலத்தில் வாழ்ந்த இத்தாலியத் தூதர், எழுத்தாளர், தத்துவவாதி, வரலாற்றாசிரியர் மற்றும் அரசியல் ஆர்வலர். 1513-ஆம் ஆமாண்டில் எழுதப்பட்ட அவரது அரசியல் கட்டுரைகளின் தொகுப்பு 'தி பிரின்ஸ்' மிகவும் பிரபலமானது, ஆனால் 1532 வரை வெளியிடப்படவில்லை. அவர் 'நவீன அரசியல் தத்துவம் மற்றும் அரசியல் அறிவியலின் தந்தை என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.

「初心忘るべからず」は誰でも知っている名言ですが、それが世阿弥の言葉だと知っている人は少ないのではないでしょうか。

Delve into the profound reflections of Marcus Aurelius, a Stoic philosopher and Roman Emperor, through his timeless work—"Meditations." This enduring collection captures a lifetime of wisdom and a philosophy rooted in self-reflection, personal virtue, and an unwavering sense of duty. Written during moments of solitude amidst a life engulfed in warfare and statecraft, these writings reveal the mind of a philosopher-king striving to live according to nature and reason.

An immediate sensation when it was first published in two volumes in 1945, Popper's monumental achievement has attained legendary status on both the Left and Right and is credited with inspiring anticommunist dissidents during the Cold War. Arguing that the spirit of free, critical inquiry that governs scientific investigation should also apply to politics, Popper traces the roots of an opposite, authoritarian tendency to a tradition represented by Plato, Marx, and Hegel.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C-A.D. 65), the chief advisor to the emperor Nero, was the power behind the throne in Ancient Rome. He is most famous for his writings on Stoic ideology, in which philosophy is a practical form of self-improvement. Seneca’s letters address the issues of life and death confronting every generation while upholding the ideals of Stoicism–valuing courage and friendship, avoiding corruption and self-indulgence, striving to achieve a good life while being immune to life’s setbacks, and enjoying life without the fear of dying.

Born a slave, the Roman Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c. 55-135 AD) taught that mental freedom is supreme, since it can liberate one anywhere, even in a prison. In How to Be Free, A. A. Long - one of the world's leading authorities on Stoicism and a pioneer in its remarkable contemporary revival - provides a superb new edition of Epictetus's celebrated guide to the Stoic philosophy of life (the Encheiridion) along with a selection of related reflections in his Discourses.

Perception, memory, truth, and knowledge all play major roles in this dialogue. What is remarkable about Plato's treatment of those ideas is how contemporary are both the questions and the answers he puts in the mouths of his characters. Socrates is adamant in asserting that he does not know the answers but that his function is simply to help formulate and critically examine the doctrines presented by others.

A lo largo de la historia, algunos libros han cambiado el mundo. Han transformado la manera en que nos vemos a nosotros mismos y a los demás. Han inspirado el debate, la discordia, la guerra y la revolución. Han iluminado, indignado, provocado y consolado. Han enriquecido vidas, y también las han destruido.

An essential introduction to the history, concepts, and thinking behind philosophy that demystifies what can often be daunting subject matter, laid out in DK's signature style.

Written in Greek by an intellectual Roman emperor without any intention of publication, the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius offer a wide range of fascinating spiritual reflections and exercises developed as the leader struggled to understand himself and make sense of the universe. Spanning from doubt and despair to conviction and exaltation, they cover such diverse topics as the question of virtue, human rationality, the nature of the gods and Aurelius's own emotions.